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Lately, WDAG and another exciting feature for Office isolation were combined as MDAG – Microsoft Defender Application Guard.

A few years ago, Microsoft introduced Windows Containers (mainly for servers), a feature which allowed running Docker natively on Windows to ease software deployment.īoth these technologies were also introduced to the Windows 10 endpoint platform in the form of two components: WDAG (Windows Defender Application Guard), and most recently, Windows Sandbox.

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Several vulnerabilities were found, such as the next VmSwitch RCE which can cause a full guest-to-host escape. The complex ecosystem of Hyper-V and its modules has already been researched extensively.

We also create a custom FLARE VM sandbox for malware analysis purposes, whose startup time is just 10 seconds. We show that several internal technologies are involved, such as NTFS custom reparse tag, VHDx layering, container configuration for proper isolation, virtual storage drivers, vSMB over VMBus, and more.

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In this article, we break down several of the components, execution flow, driver support, and the implementation design of the dynamic image feature.

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This means we can’t install any program that requires a reboot, or create our own base image for the sandbox.

Unfortunately, Microsoft does not allow any customization to the sandbox other than tweaking the WSB file.

For example, the technical blog refers to the Windows Containers technology, but in the official documentation, the creation and management of Windows Containers is done using the Docker utility for Windows, which isn’t used in Windows Sandbox. While it combines two widely documented technologies (Windows Containers and Hyper-V), we are still missing on how it all works together.

Lack of documentation on its internal technicalities, both official and community-based.

We decided to dig deeper into this technology for several reasons. The guest disk and filesystem are created dynamically, and are implemented using files in the host filesystem.įigure 1 – Dynamically generated image (from Microsoft official documentation). One of the interesting features is of particular importance, and we will elaborate on it here. On the other hand, the sandbox contains several features which allow sharing resources with the host machine to reduce CPU and memory consumption.

The resulting sandbox presents the best of both worlds: on the one hand, the sandbox is based on Hyper-V technology, which means it inherits Hyper-V’s strict virtualization security. Judging by the accompanying technical blog post, we can say that Microsoft achieved a major technical milestone.

The deployment is based on Windows Containers technology.

You can configure networking, vGPU, mapped folders, an automated script to run at user login, and many other options.

Configurable through a configuration file that has a dedicated format (WSB format).

Pristine and disposable – Starts clean on each run and has no persistent state.

Integrated part of Windows 10 (Pro/Enterprise).

This sandbox has some useful specifications:

Two years ago, Microsoft released a new feature as a part of the Insiders build 18305 – Windows Sandbox.